!-The difference between hearing and listening is that with hearing you can sit there and hear everything that’s going on around you it requires no effort at all whereas with listening you are actually paying attention to what’s going on around you actively with the intent to understand. I strongly believe that we make the choice of what we listen to, When we listen to things we are choosing to listen to it. We make these choices by considering what is important to listen to and what is not.Structural features could also play part in how we listen to things.We might want to listen to specific things that we feel matter more.

2-Schafer and Krukowski discuss the relationship between sound and space by talking to us about how sound is always around us. Schafer believes sound comes from culture and environment, and by not paying close attention to noise it  can impact our everyday activities and even beliefs. Krukowski explains that social interactions within space are becoming less accessible due to technology. The use of technology is causing us not to use our sensory systems, preventing us from enjoying the things surrounding us.

1. The main difference between hearing and listening is that when you hear stuff you do not really like paying attention and understanding what’s happening. For instance, if you’re just hearing 2 people talk you’re just probably hearing it go through one ear and out the either. When you’re listening you actually listening close to someone’s conversation and you understand and analyze what those 2 people are saying. When you are listening I feel like you are more engaged in what you’re doing, but hearing and listening work together.
2. Schafer and Krukowski identify a relationship between space and sound. They identify that music and the sound of it is an instrumental part of a lot of things. They believe that music and sound are sometimes produced by emotion and sometimes by noise. Schafer believes that sound is not just a product of the culture and environment around you but a reflection of everything that goes on around you and how you hear all the noise around you. They also found out that analyzing soundscape was a much harder task than anything.

1. Hearing, to my understanding, is unreceptive while listening, on the other hand, is voluntary. As a matter of fact, we do make choices about what we listen to, which is also known as active listening. It is also an attribute of a good communicator/listener.

2. Schafer primarily refers to sound as noise pollution, and he believes that the keynote of sounds is influenced by nature/climate such as water, wind, birds, and forest. Furthermore, he stresses that noise pollution is caused by people not paying attention, and it is the sound we choose to ignore. Krukowski points out that we orient ourselves by listening to the sounds around us. According to him, earbuds allow people to privatize their personal space in public. Krukowski also discusses the evolution of concert halls throughout history, and how they accommodated halls to absorb unwanted sound for a better listening experience.

-As we make the observation hearing is from a background noise which don’t have anything proportional with what you are willing to hear. However, listening is from own will. Listening is the desire of paying attention to someone or something in the goal of gathering an information from it. We can state two differences example on hearing and listening. For example, a car honking at another car across the street is a hearing noise, while I am a listener of the train driver statement about the train retardment. 

Yes we do have choice of listening to what we want. Listening is proper to us. We decide to listen to what we want by paying attention to what’s being said. Listening is translated by self will. The fact of giving an importance to a sound around us means that we are listening to it which conclude that we are using our hearing senses. In some cultures for example, listening is also measured by body language. In the kingdom of mandingue listening to someone without looking at the person and replying by some sounds is considered to be just a hearing. The interlocutor is waiting for some clues letting him know that his audience is paying attention to what he is saying.Many things can affect human being sense of listening. Let’s enumerate few of them such as ( lack of condensation, habit of being in constant echo places, lack of confidence etc..).

Schafer and Krukowski both tried their best to set a relation between sound and space. However, I think they perceived that space is the sound maker as its users constantly emit some echos. 

1. While hearing and listening seem to have the same purposes using both ears, although are different significantly. On the one hand, hearing is one of the five senses ,while listening is a choice to hear and analyze what you hear. Listening plays an important role in understanding and making decisions. A good listener will not only hear carefully what is been said ,but also what is not said. Therefore, effective listening involves the mind and the eyes,meaning that paying attention to what others say and put back our thoughts making us understand and making us choose more wisely. Sometimes though there are physical distractions such as external noises, cell phones ringing, other people conversations ,honking cars ,personal concerns as pain or even lack of interest  and boredom, that can affect our listening experiences.
2. According to Schafer and Krukowski there is a relationship between sound and space. For Schafer , sound comes from the environment that surrounds us. Krukowski talks about the importance of a place, as concert hall, is usually remembered by the sounds-songs are played. He also mentions that while people wear headphones to isolate themselves from external noises, they are still in their own space. Moreover,both of them think that more the technology gets involved  ,the less skills we develop.

 

1. According to Berger, how do “publicity”–what we would call advertising–images influence consumers and why is this significant?

Publicity/Advertising is different as it applies to a way of life that we aspire to or think we aspire to but have not yet achieved. Consumers are affected by advertising because the pictures advertised are enhanced in such a way that it makes us believe that what we buy or what is offering would make our life different from what it already is. Not only our home will be intact but our relationships will be better because of our new possession but in reality we could only achieve that goal if we have enough money. This will encourage people to apply for credit cards despite of interest rates.

2. As he compares oil painting to publicity (advertising) photography, Berger argues that oil painting “showed what the owner was already enjoying among his possessions and way of life;” “it enhanced his view of himself as he already was.”  Whereas publicity pictures, “appeal to a way of life that we aspire to or think we aspire to.” Why are these differences important? What do they reveal to us about the production of images for publicity?

The difference between the oil paintings and the publicity photos is that the oil paintings are normally found in the houses of people with with authority and it is surrounded by gold frames which symbolizes the wealth of the owners within the picture and people around it while the publicity photos are found plastered on the walls or windows of peoples neighborhoods or common place of leisure activities to get the consumer’s attention so they might buy the products and dream to be like the people in the photo but it still excludes them.

 

1. Choose one of the “dreams” he offers or think of your own. How does this dream offered by advertising use imagery to manipulate consumers?

When he speaks about the dream- The Dream of Later Tonight he means that if you buy e.g a Gucci bag or if you wear the best perfume eg Dior, that you will be the best person in the room and everyone would want to have what you have but in reality imagery may be public but dreams are intimate and you bring the greatest pleasure of all to the party and feel special but later when you get home you feel the same way you were before you had all of the special items.

1.Ads make us believe that we need whatever we see in their advertising, they make it look useful and Affordable to catch people’s attention. It makes the consumer think that is what they are missing in their lives. It’s very effective because it gets the consumer into thinking of buying it.

2.”Berger” uses oil painting to describe the live texture of a picture. He compares color photography to oil painting since they were both used to show demonstration of the texture and tangibility and similarities to photography.

3.Advertisement can make you think about its product to the point where you actually get it. “Berger”  says “ how so many cosmetic companies and manufactures use magazines and tv commercials in order to spread their”beauty dream”. 

1. Ads are stupid tricks  influence of advertising makes seem we are missing in our lives 
2. Berger states that the manner in which we perceive images, most notably paintings and artworks from the past, tells us more about ourselves, than about the works themselves. As he compares oil painting to publicity advertising photography, Berger argues that oil painting “showed what the owner was already enjoying among his possessions and way of life;”
3. Advertisers could be reaching you while you sleep, evidence shows dream implantation works by playing sounds or using smells to prime your brain.

Still to this day women are being objected to by men as “berger” described. Women put themselves out there to the public where everyone can see and judge their appearance.Also it makes men judge women with a whole different perspective. No women  have less control over their image in the media because everyone has an opinion that will make you look different in everyone’s eye.

Women have the choice of controlling their appearance on social media  by controlling what they post and show publicly. “Berger” says the difference between nakedness is just the human female body without clothes”. Women have full control of their appearance and of who they want to people to look at them as. 

 

“Berger discusses the difference between nude and nakedness for a woman. He explains that nakedness is just the human female body without clothes. An appropriate example would be a woman in the shower by herself is naked.” is still right Still, to this day women have kinda more or less control over their images in the media, or are they still determined by the male gaze because once you post pictures it’s forever out there on social media but more control was chosen by not posting of their body not showing more of their body Sexuality has become a spectrum as plays the same role as what Berger describes.